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TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
LAB 2
Introduction to BIOS and LINUX Environment
OBJECTIVS:
1. Understanding of BIOS
2. Understanding of LINUX
3. Installation of LINUX (UBUNTU) on VIRTUAL BOX
4. Introduction to UBUNTU Platform
5. Learning Basic Commands
Evaluation: This lab 1 and Lab 2 material will be tested in Lab Test 1.
1. Understanding of BIOS
A. What is BIOS?
BIOS is the first software that runs when you power on your system, performing an initial pack of diagnostic tests (POST, or Power On Self-Test) to see if there are any issues with the hardware. POST is the first step in your hardware’s boot sequence. The machine won't continue with the boot sequence if the POST fails.
BIOS is firmware (in other words, software embedded in a piece of hardware) stored on a ROM chip that lets you access and set up your system at its most basic level.
B. What is a BIOS and What’s Included?
A BIOS contains the instructions your computer needs to load its basic hardware, including the POST mentioned above. If your system fails the POST, you will hear a series of beeps; different beep sequences indicate various issues.
BIOS firmware is non-volatile, meaning that the settings are saved and can be recovered even if the machine no longer has power.
C. What are the types of BIOS
Legacy BIOS: Legacy BIOS is used in older motherboards to turn on the computer, and it controls how the CPU and different computer components talk to each other. Unfortunately, the Legacy BIOS has limitations. For example, it can’t handle or recognize data drives larger than 2.1 TB.
UEFI: The acronym stands for Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. Unlike the Legacy BIOS, the UEFI can accommodate 2.2 TB or larger drives. In addition, UEFI handles drives with the aid of the Master Boot Record rather than GPT technology.
D. How do you introduce a BIOS?
In order to access BIOS on a Windows PC, you must press your BIOS key set by your manufacturer which could be F10, F2, F12, F1, or DEL.
Task 1:
From BIOS, show (take picture) the details for following components:
a) Processor
b) Hard drive
c) Graphic card
d) RAM
e) Power supply/ Batteries
f) Network Interface
g) PC temperature
h) Boot devices
2. Understanding of LINUX
A. What is Linux OS used for?
Linux is used in the following ways: Server OS for web servers, database servers, file servers, email servers and any other type of shared server. Designed to support high-volume and multithreading applications, Linux is well-suited for all types of server applications.
B. What is different Linux OS?
Common Linux distributions include Ubuntu, Debian, and Fedora. A few other types of Linux are based on Debian or Red Hat and are designed to perform. specific functions based on a user's needs.
Task 2:
a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of Linux? (at least 3)
b) Where is Linux mostly used?
c) Why is Linux faster than Windows?
d) What is the difference between Linux, Windows and Mac? (at least 3)
3. Introduction to UBUNTU Platform
To print screen in Linux:
· PrtSc – Save a screenshot of the entire screen to the "Pictures" directory.
· Shift + PrtSc – Save a screenshot of a specific region to Pictures.
· Alt + PrtSc – Save a screenshot of the current window to Pictures.
· Ctrl + PrtSc – Copy the screenshot of the entire screen to the clipboard.
· Shift + Ctrl + PrtSc – Copy the screenshot of a specific region to the clipboard
· Ctrl + Alt + PrtSc – Copy the screenshot of the current window to the clipboard.
Shell in Linux
A shell is a program that allows you to interact within a terminal window. Shell is a UNIX term for the interactive user interface with an operating system. The shell is the layer of programming that understands and executes the commands a user enters.
1. Shell :
A shell is an environment or a special user program which provide an interface to user to use operating system services. It executes programs based on the input provided by the user.
2. Kernel :
Kernel is the heart and core of an Operating System that manages operations of computer and hardware. It acts as a bridge between the user and the resources of the system by accessing various computer resources like the CPU, I/O devices and other resources.
Task 3:
There are three (3) ways to open a terminal;
a. Click on the icon at the bottom left of the screen, then type Terminal" in the search toolbar.
a. Ctrl+Alt+T
b. Search" Terminal" in search toolbar
c. Right-click on Desktop, then choose 'Open terminal'
b. Type the following code. Write your observation below:
$ whoami
-(is used to display the username of the currently logged-in user)
$ clear
-(is used to clear the terminal screen, removing all previous command output and text from view)