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Technologies of Architecture, Landscape, Urbanism and Art I
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
...ideas are not stockpiled in heaven to be contemplated by philosophy...new ideas are constantly appearing in the heat of theory’s battle against a raw, resistant world.
—Vilém Flusser
...a city is hardware, in all senses. —Reinhold Martin
This course is intended to introduce undergraduate students to the history and theory of technics as it relates to all design disciplines. It is thematically organized; rather than pursue a progressive and
historicist narrative of the development of ever-more sophisticated technologies and then chart those in the progression of architectural “styles,” the course will follow a method that describes all cultural
artifacts—including, especially, architecture, landscape, urbanism, and art—as in and of themselves
technical. They are the product of highly articulated techniques; they are always not simply things but also media; and, lastly, their continued significance depends entirely upon their repeated re-mediation.
The course is organized into four sections, each of which identify certain technical functions
characteristic of design techniques: (re)producing (which includes planning, mapping, writing, copying, and mass producing); lifting (which includes building, ornamenting, mining, and harvesting), depicting (which includes all manner of representational techniques), and moving (which includes infrastructures, corporate formations, and machinery for reducing what economists call “transaction costs”).
Throughout the course, the central focus of the course will be on beginning to understand the
basic, constitutive elements of knowledge that constitute architecture; however, whenever appropriate,
lectures and discussion sections will treat highly significant artifacts from the history of landscape,
urbanism, art, and various industrial and infrastructural products that are not usually classed with the first four categories.
Course Objectives
By the conclusion of the course, students will have a broad familiarity with the main lines of technical development in the history of architecture, landscape, urbanism, and art, including the economic,
philosophical and aesthetic concepts underpinning those developments. They will also possess
rudimentary knowledge of technical and architectural historiography, be able to maintain a rigorously
organized annotated bibliography of the assigned readings, and be capable of producing a clear précis of a complex text.
Assignments and Important Dates
In addition to completing all of the assigned readings for the course, attending lectures and discussion sections, there are two main assignments for the course: 1. an annotated bibliography of all assigned required readings (noted in the schedule of classes below and marked with an asterisk); and 2. two précis on any of two assigned or recommended readings listed in the schedule of classes below. More precise instructions on these assignments will be given in class, and guidelines for how to complete both assignments will be issued in the second week of class.
There will also be a midterm exam, administered during tutorial, which will be composed of multiple choice questions based upon the content of lectures and readings.
Attendance will be kept by the teaching assistants. Each student must sign in at each lecture and discussion section after the first lecture (i.e. attendance will be kept from Weeks 2 through 12). Any more than two unexcused absences will result in a failing grade in the course. An excused absence is given only if the student notifies his or her assigned teaching assistant in advance of the course session to be missed, or if the student presents written evidence for her/his absence (e.g. from a medical professional, academic advisor, etc.).
A list of all sessional dates can be found at: https://daniels.calendar.utoronto.ca/sessional-dates
For any and all discrepancies between the schedule of classes below and the dates listed on the website, please consider the website to be correct.
General Note on Evaluation
Evaluation will be carried out in accordance with the University Assessment and Grading Practices Policy. Please refer to the policy located on the governing council website:
http://www.governingcouncil.utoronto.ca/Governing_Council/policies.htm#G
Evaluation
In addition to basic participation in the course (i.e., completing the assigned readings, attending class
meetings, and contributing to class discussions), there are two primary assignments for the course, each of which is described in greater detail in an appendix to this course outline.
Fulfillment of the basic participation requirement counts for 25% of each student’s grade in the course.
The first assignment is an annotated bibliography, which is an organized bibliography accompanied by specific notes on the text. This should be maintained throughout the course of the semester, and will be evaluated on the following basis: 1. Does the annotated bibliography conform to the bibliographic
standards laid out in The Chicago Manual of Style. (15th or 16th ed.)? 2. Does the annotated bibliography contain notes for each required reading in the schedule of classes? No qualitative assessment of the
notes will figure in the assessment of the grade. The annotated bibliography counts for 25% of each student’s grade in the course.
The second assignment is to produce, by the end of the term, two separate précis of two separate texts from the required or recommended reading for the course. The length of the précis depends somewhat upon the overall length of the text being summarized, but as a rule the précis should be no longer than three pages, double-spaced, 12 pt. font. Specific guidelines on précis writing will be distributed in the second week of the class, and both the professor and the teaching assistants will also devote class time to discussing how best to write an effective précis. The two précis count for 25% of each student’s grade in the course.
The midterm exam counts for 25% of each student’s grade in the course.
Late Work
All assignments are due in class or submitted via e-mail at the specified time and date. Late submission will result in a 10% deduction of each assignment’s total grade per business day (excluding weekends). In the case of illness or other special circumstance, notification should be given to the professor and the
Registrar as soon as possible and before the deadline in question; where required, the official University of Toronto Verification of Student Illness or Injury form. should be submitted.
Final Due Date
Students are not permitted to submit work past the 12 April 2018 deadline unless they have formally (i.e. in writing) requested and received special permission from the Daniels Faculty administration to do so.
There is no guarantee that the professor will approve such a request, but every provision will be granted under the appropriate circumstances.
Preparedness at UofT
Students are advised to consult the University’s preparedness site (http://www.preparedness.utoronto.ca) for information and regular updates regarding procedures for emergency planning.
ACCESSIBILITY NEEDS:
Accessibility Services provides academic accommodations in collaboration with students, staff and faculty to support students with documented disabilities in equal opportunities to achieve academic and co-curricular success. If you are a student who identifies with one or more of the broad categories below, we encourage you to register with Accessibility Services (http://www.accessibility.utoronto.ca/). For any questions or assistance, please see the staff in the Office of the Registrar and Student Services.
? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
? Autism Spectrum Disorder
? Brain Injury and Concussion
? Chronic Health
? Deaf and Hard of Hearing
? Learning Disability
? Mental Health
? Mobility and Functional
? Low Vision / Legally Blind
? Temporary Injuries
ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND WRITING SUPPORT:
The University of Toronto expects its students to write well, and it provides a number of resources to help.
Please consult the University of Toronto writing site (http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/) for advice and answers to your questions about writing. Please pay special attention to:
Advice on Writing: Academic Writing
Reading and Using Sources: How Not to Plagiarize
The University of Toronto’s Code of Behavior. on Academic Matters states that: “It shall be an offence for a student knowingly:
…
(d) to represent as one’s own any idea or expression of an idea or work of another in any academic examination or term test or in connection with any other form of academic work, i.e, to commit
plagiarism.”
The Code also states: “Wherever in the Code an offence is described as depending on ‘knowing,’ the offence shall likewise be deemed to have been committed if the person ought reasonably to have known.”
For information about academic integrity at the University of Toronto, please see www.academicintegrity.utoronto.ca
The Writing Centre at the John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design
(http://www.daniels.utoronto.ca/resources/writing-program) is a resource for Daniels students seeking assistance with academic writing through tutorials and individual consultations. During the summer,
appointments are available only on Thursdays. Students may access the online appointment booking system at: https://awc.wdw.utoronto.ca
Housed in 63 St. George Street, within the School of Graduate Studies, English Language and Writing Support (ELWS) provides graduate students with advanced training in academic writing and speaking; see the SGS website at: http://www.sgs.utoronto.ca/english/. For advice on Academic Writing, see the website: http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice.
Daniels Faculty Writing Program, please contact [email protected].
The following resources may also be useful:
Sylvan Barnett, A Short Guide to Writing About Art. 5-7th edition (New York: Harper-Collins, 1997)
William Strunk Jr., E.B. White. The Elements of Style. (New York: MacMillan Publishing) The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th or 16th ed.
SCHEDULE OF CLASSES
[NB: Only readings marked with an asterisk (“*”) are required reading, and must be included in students’ annotated bibliographies. Additional, recommended readings are listed below the titles for each lecture or discussion section, and are not required for the annotated bibliography. That said, any student including more than ten recommended readings in an annotated bibliography may claim an extra credit bonus worth up to 5% on her/his final grade in the course.]
SECTION I: (RE)PRODUCING
WEEK 1: 11 January [NB: NO TUTORIAL DISCUSSION SECTIONS THIS WEEK] Introductory Lecture: Technical Origins of Architecture, or Mimesis
* Vitruvius, Ten Books on Architecture, trans. Morris Hickey Morgan (New York: Dover, 1917), book I, chaps. 1-2.
* Leon Battista Alberti, The Ten Books of Architecture [The 1755 Leoni Edition] (New York: Dover, 1986), Preface and Book I, chaps. 1-2.
Joseph Rykwert, On Adam’s House in Paradise: The Idea of the Primitive Hut in Architectural History, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1981), esp. chaps. 1, 4 and 5.
Abbé Marc-Antoine Laugier, An Essay on Architecture [1753, 1755], trans. Wolfgang and Anni Herrmann (Los Angeles: Hennessey & Ingalls, 1977), esp. “Introduction” and “General Principles of Architecture,” pp 7-14.
C.P. Snow, The Two Cultures [Rede Lecture, 1959], 2nd ed. (Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008).
Thomas Pynchon, “Is it O.K. to be a Luddite?,” New York Times (28 October 1984), available at: http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/05/18/reviews/pynchon-luddite.html
Bernhard Siegert, “Introduction: Cultural Techniques, or, the End of the Intellectual Postwar in German
Media Theory,” in: Siegert, Cultural Techniques: Grids, Filters, Doors, and Other Articulations of the Real, trans. Geoffrey Winthrop-Young (New York: Fordham University Press, 2015).
WEEK 2: 18 January
Lecture: Planning, Printing, and Copying
* Alan Colquhoun, “Rationalism: A Philosophical Concept in Architecture,” in: Colquhoun, Modernity and the Classical Tradition: Architectural Essays 1980-1987 (Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press, 1989), 57-87.
* Mario Carpo, Architecture in the Age of Printing: Orality, Writing, Typography, and Printed Images in the History of Architectural Theory (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001), chap. 4 “Architectural Drawing in the Age of Its Mechanical Reproduction.”
Walter Benjamin, The Work of Art in the Age of its Technological Reproducibility, and Other Writings on Media (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2008).
Robin Evans, “Translations from Drawing to Building” [1986], in: Evans, Translations from Drawing to Building and Other Essays (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997), 153-194.
Tutorial Discussion: “Reading” Plans, Sections and Elevations
* Rendow Yee, Architectural Drawing: A Visual Compendium of Types and Methods, 2nd ed. (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), chap. 4, “Conventional Orthogonal Terminology.”
WEEK 3: 25 January
Lecture: On Architectural Writing: Architectural Theory (Treatises and Manifestos), Criticism, and History
* Andrew Leach, What is Architectural History? (Cambridge, Oxford and Boston: Polity, 2010), chap. 1.
* Hanno-Walter Kruft, A History of Architectural Theory from Vitruvius to the Present, trans. Ronald Taylor, Elsie Callander and Antony Wood (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Architectural Press, 1994),
“Introduction: What is Architectural Theory?” pp. 13-19.
A.W.N. Pugin, Contrasts (Leicester, UK: Leicester University Press / New York: Humanities Press, 1969). Ulrich Conrads, ed., Programs and Manifestoes on 20th-Century Architecture, trans. Michael Bullock
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1971).
Charles Jencks and Karl Kropf, eds., Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture, 2nd ed. (Chichester, UK and Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Academy, 2006).
The Mark J. Millard Architectural Collection, 4 vols. (Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art; New York: George Braziller, 1993-2000).
Tutorial Discussion: Treatises and Manifestos
[NB: There is no specifically assigned reading for this class session; instead, students must find an
example of an architectural treatise or manifesto from the Shore + Moffat Library and bring either the
original or a copy to class to share with the discussion group.
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