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MATH3090/7039: Financial mathematics
Assignment
Submission:
Submit onto Blackboard softcopy (i.e. scanned copy) of (i) your assignment solutions, as well
as (ii) Matlab/Python code for Problem 3. Hardcopies are not required.
Include all your answers, numerical outputs, figures, tables and comments as required into
one single PDF file.
You also need to upload all Matlab/Python files onto Blackboard.
General coding instructions:
You are allowed to reuse any code provided/developed in lectures and tutorials.
Notation: “Lx.y” refers to [Lecture x, Slide y]
Assignment questions - all students
1. (6 marks) a. (3 marks) Suppose a company issues a zero coupon bond with face value
$10, 000 and which matures in 20 years. Calculate the price given
(i) an 8% discrete compound annual yield, compounded annually,
(ii) an 8% continuous annual yield,
(iii) a nonconstant yield of y(t) = 0.06 + 0.2te−t2 .
b. (3 marks) A 10 year $10, 000 government bond has a coupon rate of 5% payable quarterly
and yields 7%. Calculate the price.
2. (6 marks) Consider the cash flow
C0 = −3x, C1 = 5, C2 = x
(at periods 0, 1, 2 respectively) for some x > 0.
a. (3 marks) Apply the discount process d(k) = (1 + r)−k so that the present value is
P =
2∑
k=0
d(k)Ck.
What is the range of x such that P > 0 when r = 5%?
b. (3 marks) The IRR (internal rate of return) is r such that P = 0. For what range of x,
will there be a unique, strictly positive IRR?
MATH 3090/7039 – 1 – Kazutoshi Yamazaki
– Assignment 1 –
Cashflows (Ci) Times (ti)
2.3 1.0
2.9 2.0
3.0 3.0
3.2 4.0
4.0 5.0
3.8 6.0
4.2 7.0
4.8 8.0
5.5 9.0
105 10.0
Table 1: Bond cashflows
3. (8 marks) In this question, consider a bond with the set of cashflows given in Table 1. Here,
note that the face value F is already included in the last cashflow. Let y be the yield to
maturity, ti be the time of the i
th cashflow Ci, and PV = 100 be the market price of the
bond at t = 0. Assume continuous compounding. Then, y solves
PV =
∑
i
Cie
−yti . (1)
a. (3 marks) Write out the Newton iteration to compute yn+1 from yn (see L2.49). Specif-
ically, clearly indicate the functions f(y) and f ′(y).
b. (5 marks) Implement the above Newton iteration in Matlab using the stopping criteria
|yn+1 − yn| < 10−8.
Fill in Table 2 for y0 = 0.05 (add rows as necessary).
In addition, try with larger values for y0 and observe the accuracy and convergence
speed. How does the performance change?
n yn |yn − yn−1|
0 . . . N/A
1 . . . . . .
2 . . . . . .
3 . . . . . .
...
...
...
Table 2: Output
4. (4 marks) In the Constant Growth DDM model, the present value of the share is
PV =
∞∑
t=1
Dt
(1 + k)t
, (2)
where D1, D2, . . . are (non-random) dividends and k > 0 is the required rate of return.
Suppose D0 > 0, k > 0 and g > 0.
Derive the formula for the present value (2) when
Dt = D0(1 + g)
⌈t/2⌉, t = 1, 2, . . . ,
MATH 3090/7039 – 2 – Kazutoshi Yamazaki
– Assignment 1 –
where ⌈x⌉ is the smallest integer greater than or equal to x. What is the condition of g so
that the PV is finite? To get full marks, you need to write an explicit expression (without
summation).
Assignment questions - MATH7039 students only
6. (3 marks) In Q4, derive the formula for the present value (2) if
Dt = D0(1 + g)
max(t,10), t = 1, 2, . . . .
What is the condition of g so that the PV is finite? To get full marks, you need to write an
explicit expression (without summation).
7. (3 marks) Recall that the discount rate corresponding to a simple interest rate r when maturity
is T is given by
d(T ) =
r
1 + rT
.
See L2.16.
Suppose r = 3%. Let
f(T ) = d(0) + Td′(0) +
T 2
2
d′′(0)
be the second-order (Taylor) approximation and
ε(T ) = ln
( |d(T )− f(T )|
T 3
)
be a (log) normalised error. Complete the following table:
T d(T ) f(T ) ε(T )
10 · · · · · · · · ·
5 · · · · · · · · ·
1 · · · · · · · · ·
You can use Matlab but you do not need to submit the code for this problem.