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Tutorial for Final
Assignm ent
GSOE9340 LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING
GSOE9340 LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING by S.KARA
• Gate-to-gate
Task 2.3 Product system boundary
GSOE9340 LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING by S.KARA
• Cradle-to-gate
Task 2.3 Product system boundary
GSOE9340 LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING by S.KARA
• Cradle-to-grave
Task 2.3 Environmental Impact Assessment
GSOE9340 LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING by S.KARA
1. Demonstrate the product life cycle, the process flow and their Input-
outputs relation between processes.
2. Map foreground and background processes along to the product life
cycle.
3. Based on the environmental impact assessment reference you have
found, and the information gathered in the previous steps:
a.Clearly detail the goal and scope of the study,
b.Functional unit,
c. Impact categories,
d.System boundaries.
Task 2.4. Environmental Impact Assessment
GSOE9340 LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING by S.KARA
• Identifying environmental hotspots - Emission intensity of a bottle: 2000 kgCO2eq
50% in the manufacturing stage
Task 2.5. Total Environmental Impact (EI) Profile
GSOE9340 LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING by S.KARA
• Normalisation based on emission intensity of a bottle: 2000 kgCO2eq
Reduction required by
2050
Normalisation of total EI
Task 2.6. Total Environmental Impact (EI) Profile
GSOE9340 LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING by S.KARA
• Total EI reduction required: Total impact for a given year – Allocated budget for
each life cycle stage
Task 3.1 Development of mitigation strategies
GSOE9340 LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING by S.KARA
• Manufacturing Stage:
• Increasing the energy and resource efficiency of manufacturing processes
• Material Stage
• Using recycled PET for materials
• Use Stage
• Reduce the use intensity of products
• End of Life
• Increase the efficiency of recycling (current 50%)
Task 3.2 Mitigation strategies and impact reduction
GSOE9340 LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING by S.KARA
• Manufacturing Stage: Increasing the energy and resource efficiency
• It makes up 50% of the environmental impact of the product due to the energy
intensity of making bottles
• Assumption: reduction can be achieved proportional and max efficiency can be
achieved via efficiency improvement is around 20% (must be referenced!!)
• Total reduction that can be achieved 20% of 50%. Therefore, total reduction that can
be achieved 20% of 50%, 10% for the manufacturing stage (e.g., 10% of
807793566.95 kgCO2eq).
• Technology solution:
• PET bottles are produced by using blow molding. Energy efficiency can be
achieved by retrofitting the electric motor with an energy efficient one and
reusing the waste from the process.
Task 3.2 Mitigation strategies and impact reduction
GSOE9340 LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING by S.KARA
10% reduction due to
the manufacturing
mitigation strategy
Task 3.2 Mitigation strategies and impact reduction
GSOE9340 LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING by S.KARA
• Material Stage: Using recycled materials
• It makes up of 15% environmental impact of the product
• Reduction can be achieved 80% (must be referenced!!)
• Total reduction that can be achieved 80% of 15%, 12% for the material
stage, therefore 12% of 807793566.95 kgCO2eq.
• Technology solution:
• Using recycled pellets for making PET bottles. Recycling energy
consumption is less than producing virgin PET
Task 3.2 Mitigation strategies and impact reduction
GSOE9340 LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING by S.KARA
12% reduction due to
the material related
mitigation strategy
Task 3.2 Mitigation strategies and impact reduction
GSOE9340 LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING by S.KARA
• EOL Stage: Bringing waste management system to the foreground
• It makes up 10% of environmental impact of the product
• Reduction can be achieved by reusing the bottles. Bottle causes 30% of
the total beverage impact (From the reference LCA study). Not
recommended to reuse more than twice. (must be referenced!!).
• This will lead to producing 50% less bottles since the same bottles can
be used twice. If it was glass, reuse number can be increased at the
expense of manufacturing stage energy intensity.
• The impact will be along the entire product life cycle e.g., using less
energy and resources (must be referenced!!).
Task 3.2 Mitigation strategies and impact reduction
GSOE9340 LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING by S.KARA