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HW 3 Brief Solution:
1. Abstract In this case study, we take weekly data on six European equity indices and achieve several findings: 1. We compare the performance of 6 indices. We find IBEX is the best performer while AEX is the poorest performer. 2. We generate return table of the 6 indices, covariance and correlation matrix of weekly returns of the indices. 3. We do the PCA analysis and briefly discuss the major components. 2. Introduction (It is a general part and I skip it for the solution, you need to generally introduce what we want to do, where we get the data and other necessary background descriptions) e.g.: We take weekly data on six indices, i.e. AEX 25, CAC 40, DAX 30, FTSE 100, IBEX 35 and MIB 30, from 2 Jan 2001 until 17 July 2006. 3. Results and Analyses (I write simply here. I find some groups did very good analyses and did extra work more than I show here. However, most groups did not write well.) To compare the performance of different indices, first we standardized the index by applying the formula as follows, indext = 100 ∗ /0 Here 0 represents the first date (2001-01-02), and t represents the following dates Figure 1. Six European Equity Indices (standardized)
From Figure 1, we can see indices decreased from 2001 to the beginning of 2003 and then started to increase afterwards. All indices show very similar patterns. In later correlation test of index returns can show the high positive correlations between indices. Among these six indices, we observe the best performing index is IBEX 35 and the worst performing index is AEX 25. For detailed information, please refer to the attached Python code and corresponding results. Correspondingly, we also generate the weekly rate of return (Table 1). The return is calculated by the formula: weekl rate of return = indext+1 indext . Table 1. Return Table (As a sample, I listed the first 10 weeks) Date AEX_new CAC_new DAX_new FTSE_new IBEX_new MIB_new 2001-01-02 2001-01-08 0.006386 0.013255 0.016878 -0.00526 0.030079 0.030517 2001-01-15 -0.01716 0.001952 0.024884 0.007104 0.006602 0.003724 2001-01-22 0.005868 0.013666 0.006565 0.013689 0.01352 0.009715 2001-01-29 -0.00251 -0.01675 -0.00851 -0.00602 -0.02394 -0.01898 2001-02-05 -0.0132 -0.01957 -0.02126 -0.01472 0.008915 -0.03355 2001-02-12 -0.00764 -0.02052 -0.0089 -0.01233 -0.01477 -0.02126 2001-02-19 -0.05276 -0.04867 -0.05652 -0.02375 -0.04543 -0.04207 2001-02-26 0.008509 -0.00581 0.013774 -0.01432 0.024195 -0.02107
Furthermore, we calculate the correlation and covariance tables (Table 2 and Table 3) for the index returns. From the tables (especially Table 2 for correlations), we are aware of high correlations between different indices, ranging from 0.8229 to 0.936586. It may imply that a portfolio which invests only in these 6 markets is not well diversified. Table 2. Correlation table AEX_new CAC_new DAX_new FTSE_new IBEX_new MIB_new AEX_new 1 0.936586 0.884453 0.864977 0.822904 0.854891 CAC_new 0.936586 1 0.911694 0.893084 0.847069 0.89628 DAX_new 0.884453 0.911694 1 0.83672 0.830307 0.862673 FTSE_new 0.864977 0.893084 0.83672 1 0.789698 0.855689 IBEX_new 0.822904 0.847069 0.830307 0.789698 1 0.833185 MIB_new 0.854891 0.89628 0.862673 0.855689 0.833185 1
Table 3. Covariance Matrix AEX_new CAC_new DAX_new FTSE_new IBEX_new MIB_new AEX_new 0.001075 0.000864 0.000996 0.000604 0.00071 0.000752 CAC_new 0.000864 0.000792 0.000881 0.000535 0.000627 0.000677 DAX_new 0.000996 0.000881 0.00118 0.000612 0.000751 0.000796 FTSE_new 0.000604 0.000535 0.000612 0.000454 0.000443 0.000489 IBEX_new 0.00071 0.000627 0.000751 0.000443 0.000693 0.000589 MIB_new 0.000752 0.000677 0.000796 0.000489 0.000589 0.00072 Then, we perform a PCA on the equally weighted correlation matrix of the weekly returns to these indices. The PCA is derived from Eigen values and Eigen vectors and the results are shown in Table 4. We can see the first principal component explains 88.5% of the variation, the second explains 3.7% and so on. The cumulative variation show that the first three components would explain 95% of the variation of the whole system over the period. Table 4. Eigen Value and Eigen Vectors PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 eigen values 5.309113 0.222699 0.164578 0.141118 0.109087 0.053406 explained 88.485% 3.712% 2.743% 2.352% 1.818% 0.890% cumulative 88.485% 92.197% 94.940% 97.292% 99.110% 100.000% Eigen Vectors 1 2 3 4 5 6 -0.41279 -0.22049 -0.38922 -0.31086 -0.5607 -0.46742 -0.42211 -0.16492 -0.17504 -0.04412 -0.1889 0.852266 -0.40974 -0.00074 -0.54717 0.28586 0.653225 -0.15588 -0.403 -0.45789 0.579695 -0.37715 0.371975 -0.10621 -0.39347 0.844687 0.162974 -0.32275 0.029987 -0.00801 -0.40782 0.032124 0.394804 0.757165 -0.28976 -0.13971
By using the first three components, we can set up a three-component representation. If we take AEX 25 as an example, RAEX = −0.412791 − 0.22049P2 − 0.389223.
Further analysis on the first component, we can find all the returns have a similar coefficient on the first component, P1. If we only change the first component, then all the returns will change by approximately the same amount. In other words, the first component captures the common trend that is shared by these indices.