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Examination paper
ATOC10001
SUBJECT NAME: WONDERS OF THE WEATHER
SUBJECT CODE: ATOC10001
EXAM DURATION: 2 HOURS
READING TIME: 15 MINUTES
TOTAL MARKS: 120
NUMBER OF PAGES: 8 PAGES (INCLUDING THESE PAGES)
AUTHORISED MATERIALS 1. Any electronic calculators, except mobile phones, apps or any electronic devices with WiFi capability, may be used. 2. Students ARE permitted to use: a foreign language dictionary (FLD) 3. Electronic devices – including laptops, tablets and electronic dictionaries- are NOT authorised.
INSTRUCTIONS TO INVIGILATORS 1. Students are PERMITTED to HIGHLIGHT and UNDERLINE, but are NOT permitted to write during reading time. 2. At the end of this exam the paper MUST be COLLECTED by Supervisors. The question paper MUST NOT LEAVE the room. 3. This Exam is NOT an open book exam. NO notes or books are permitted.
INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS 1. Do NOT detach any pages. Papers must be handed up INTACT at the end of writing time. 2. During writing time: you may HIGHLIGHT and UNDERLINE, but you are NOT permitted to WRITE on the exam paper during reading time 3. Write your answers: on the RULED PAGES of your script book/s ONLY. Blank pages are for rough working out and will not be marked. 4. This examination paper is NOT to be removed from the examination venue. 5. This examination is worth 60 per cent of your total marks for this subject. 6. WRITE THE ANSWERS TO THE MULTIPLE CHOICE SECTION (Section 1) OF THIS EXAM ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE SHEET, not in your script books. Don’t forget to write your student number at the top right of the multiple choice sheet. Write the answers to sections 2 in your script books. Both exam paper and script books must be handed in at the end of the exam.
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EXAMINATION REPRINTS 1. This paper MAY BE LODGED with the library. You are reminded that:
• you may not leave in the first half hour or the last fifteen minutes of any University of Melbourne examination;
• you must not communicate with, receive assistance from, or copy from the paper of another student, at any time during your exam;
• you must obey the reasonable instructions of the examination supervisors;
• you must not have any unauthorised materials or items with you that could be used to cheat, be unscholarly and/or gain an unfair advantage over other students;
• unauthorised item/s must be declared and wherever possible surrendered to a supervisor. Failure to follow to this instruction constitutes academic misconduct;
• penalties apply for misconduct.
• if you do not have photo ID with you, you will need to report to the Chief Supervisor at the end of the exam and have your photo taken.
Before your exam
• Please place your student card on top left hand corner of your desk.
• Empty your pockets and place items under your desk or in the bin.
• Please read and review your question paper during reading time. Unless you are permitted to annotate your paper, you must not write during reading time.
• If you need assistance from a supervisor, including materials or a toilet break, raise your hand. Wait until the supervisor attends to you. Do not leave your seat without permission.
• Wireless communications, mobile phones and any device other than an authorised device must be switched off and placed under your desk.
• If you do not have your student card, please place another form of photo identification such as your passport or driver’s licence, in the top left hand corner of the desk, instead.
During your exam
• Supervisors will inspect desks and materials you access during the examination. Unauthorised material will be confiscated.
• Any student found cheating; suspected of cheating; who attempts to cheat and/or enables others to cheat in an exam is engaging in academic misconduct.
• Students found to have engaged in general or academic misconduct face penalties ranging from exclusion from the University; to a fine; a failure in examination and/or the termination of their enrolment.
• A supervisor will submit a report in writing about incidents of misconduct to the University.
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In an Emergency
• In the event of fire, or an emergency evacuation, leave all examination material where it is. Make your way to the nearest exit. Assemble away from the building, in line of sight of a fire warden who will be wearing a hard hat. Await further instructions.
Signals and Warnings at the end of your exam
• A warning signal will be given ten minutes ahead the end of your examination. After the signal, you are not permitted to leave the venue and must wait until dismissed.
• At examination’s end a final signal will be given. The Chief Supervisor will order ‘pens down’. You must cease writing when ordered to do so.
• Place your papers inside the question paper. Remain seated. Do not move from your seat until the Chief Supervisor announces that students are dismissed from the room.
• Do NOT switch on your mobile phone or use any other device until you are outside the venue. Photography is not permitted within the examination venue.
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SECTION 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE (30 marks)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. Enter ONE answer for each question on
the Multiple Choice sheet provided. Each question is worth 2
marks. 1. Suppose a Foucault pendulum is placed at South Pole. The period and the direction of its plane of oscillation would be a. 24 hours and clockwise b. 39 hours and anticlockwise c. 39 hours and clockwise d. 24 hours and anticlockwise e. None of the above 2. Among the reasons that infrared satellite imagery is so valuable for weather analysis is that it a. Shows clearly the reflected solar radiation b. Has a much higher spatial resolution than ‘visible’ radiation images c. Very accurately represents the scattered shortwave radiation d. Allows us to monitor people moving e. Can be used in complete darkness 3. During a typical year the average Northern Hemispheric ‘baseline’ atmospheric CO2 concentration is a. Lower in summer and higher in winter b. Changes very little c. Peaks in summer when volcanoes occur d. Higher in summer and lower in winter e. Dependent on the amount of vehicle traffic 4. The ‘inverse barometer effect’ refers to a. A barometer needs to be inverted in the Southern Hemisphere to be read properly b. Low atmospheric pressure will cause the local sea level to fall c. The Moon is unable to affect the tide d. High atmospheric pressure will cause the local sea level to rise e. Low atmospheric pressure will cause the local sea level to rise 5. The strong katabatic winds blowing of the Antarctic continent are caused by a. Steep slopes and strong temperature inversions b. The human emissions from the Antarctic bases c. Strong solar radiation in summer d. Sea ice e. The eccentricity of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun
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6. The Coriolis force acts to deflect the synoptic-scale flow in the following direction: a. To the right in the Southern Hemisphere b. Anticlockwise around highs in the Southern Hemisphere c. To the left in the Northern Hemisphere d. From high pressure to low pressure e. None of these. 7. The high heat capacity of the ocean is caused by: a. Its high boiling point b. The ocean actually has a low heat capacity c. The presence of dissolved salts d. The dipolar structure of water molecules e. High evaporation 8. In unstable conditions, we have the following: a. The environmental lapse rate is small b. The environmental lapse rate is smaller than the dry adiabatic lapse rate c. The environmental lapse rate is larger than the dry adiabatic lapse rate d. The adiabatic lapse rate increases e. The adiabatic lapse rate decreases 9. Which of the following is a synonym for severe tropical cyclone? a. Tornado b. Tropical storm c. Supercell d. Storm surge e. Typhoon 10. Which of the following lists represents increasing albedo (low to high): a. Asphalt (i.e. a road surface), fresh snow, sand at a typical Australian beach b. Fresh snow, sand, asphalt c. Asphalt, sand, fresh snow d. Fresh snow, asphalt, sand e. Sand, asphalt, fresh snow
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11. Increasing the pressure of an air parcel with constant density results in a. Increased temperature b. Decreased temperature c. Increased volume d. Increased number of gas molecules e. None of the above 12. Oxygen and ozone have relatively high concentrations in our atmosphere because of: a. Respiration of plants and animals b. Photosynthesis of plants c. Burning of fossil fuels d. Outgassing of the oceans e. All of the above. 13. Stratospheric ozone is depleted every spring over Antarctica because: a. CFCs release chlorine and bromine into the stratosphere b. The polar vortex isolates the polar stratosphere from mid-latitude air c. Polar stratospheric clouds form at -95oC in the Antarctic winter. d. As the sun returns in the Polar spring a catalytic loss cycle destroys ozone e. All of the above 14. Scattering of light causes a. Clouds to be white and the sky to be blue b. Objects to appear much larger than they are in reality c. The Sun to be below the horizon when it sets d. Twinkling of stars e. All of the above 15. Poor air quality in cities is predominantly a result of: a. calm winter nights when people use wood burners b. aerosols and air pollutants from vehicles c. cities having tall buildings that are often surrounded by hills d. sulfur, carbon and glass particles in the atmosphere that cause breathing issues e. calm meteorology combined with high pollutant emissions
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SECTION 2: SHORT ANSWERS (90 marks)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. Enter your written answers in the
examination booklet provided. Each question is worth 10 marks. 1. a) Briefly describe the structure of the atmospheric Hadley, Ferrel and Polar cells, and the mechanisms that cause these. b) If the Earth was not rotating, describe how the Hadley cell would respond. c) What would be some of the implications for the average surface winds over the globe? 2. a) Why does air rise in the column above a surface low pressure system, and fall above a high pressure system? b) What are the consequences of these for the weather experienced near Low and High pressure systems? 3. a) Discuss the concepts of ‘wind chill factor’ and ‘apparent temperature’. Make clear how ‘apparent temperature’ differs from measured temperature, and mention at least two other meteorological factors which are associated with their difference. b) Why is apparent temperature a much more important variable when planning and conducting weather field work in the Antarctic? 4. Compare and contrast the formation conditions required for tornadoes versus tropical cyclones. 5. Using a diagram and accompanying text, explain the reasons for the existence of the trade winds. 6. Using a diagram and accompanying text, explain how a sea breeze forms. Under what conditions could a sea breeze be stronger? 7. Draw the temperature structure of the atmosphere. Label the distinctive layers. Describe the defining properties of each layer.
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8. a) Greenhouse gases are prevalent in our atmosphere. Describe what greenhouse gases are, giving examples and explain the natural greenhouse effect. b) Describe how humans have perturbed greenhouse gas concentrations and what this means for the future climate. 9. Describe and depict the mechanisms of how clouds form and explain how aerosols change clouds. Provide examples.