Stats141XP Assessment of Statistical Literacy
Assessment of Statistical Literacy
Stats141XP
Assessment of Statistical Literacy
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1
1 Question 1
See article “Lonliness, social isolation, and pain following the COVID-19 outbreak” and answer the
following prompts. Figures 3 and 4 from the article are presented below.
you need to explain the application of multinomial
regression. Using figures 3 and 4, answer the following questions.
1. What is the outcome?
2. What are the predictors?
3. Interpret the intervals for headache within context.
4. Can you explain how many logistic models results from figure four? Explain what they are?
5. State the research question underlying figures three and four within context.
6. Comparing figures three and four, interpret the confidence intervals of always having headache
prior to and during covid-19 pandemic within context.
7. If you wanted to summarize the association between social isolation, and pain following the
COVID-19 outbreak in Japan, in five lines, what would you say.
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Vol:.(1234567890)
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| (2021) 11:18643 | ǣȀȀǤȀͷͶǤͷͶ;ȀͺͷͻͿ;ǦͶͷǦͿͽͷͼǦ
www.nature.com/scientificreports/
Ȁ
Ǥ Table 2, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 indicate that both loneliness and the perception
of increased social isolation during the pandemic were positively associated with the prevalence and incidence of
all types of pain (i.e., headache, neck or shoulder pain, upper limb pain, low back pain, and leg pain).
Ǥ Table 3 and Fig. 5 indicate the di"erences in reported pain intensity according to the
UCLA-LS3-SF3 scoring groups and the frequency with which participants reported an increase in feelings of
social isolation. Compared to participants who did not experience loneliness or increased social isolation, those
Figure 3. Frequency of feelings of social isolation and pain symptoms since before the COVID-19 outbreak.
Odds ratios of each pain symptom in model 2 according to the frequency of feelings of social isolation
compared to never felt feelings of social isolation were indicated. X-axis indicated odds ratio. Bars indicated 95%
con#dence intervals. Abbreviation: OR odds ratio.
Figure 4. Frequency of feelings of social isolation and pain symptoms developed during the COVID-19
pandemic. Odds ratios of each pain symptom in model 2 according to the frequency of feelings of social
isolation compared to never felt feelings of social isolation were indicated. X-axis indicated odds ratio. Bars
indicated 95% con#dence intervals. Abbreviation: OR odds ratio.
2
ͷͶ
Vol:.(1234567890)
Ƥ
| (2021) 11:18643 | ǣȀȀǤȀͷͶǤͷͶ;ȀͺͷͻͿ;ǦͶͷǦͿͽͷͼǦ
www.nature.com/scientificreports/
Ȁ
Ǥ Table 2, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 indicate that both loneliness and the perception
of increased social isolation during the pandemic were positively associated with the prevalence and incidence of
all types of pain (i.e., headache, neck or shoulder pain, upper limb pain, low back pain, and leg pain).
Ǥ Table 3 and Fig. 5 indicate the di"erences in reported pain intensity according to the
UCLA-LS3-SF3 scoring groups and the frequency with which participants reported an increase in feelings of
social isolation. Compared to participants who did not experience loneliness or increased social isolation, those
Figure 3. Frequency of feelings of social isolation and pain symptoms since before the COVID-19 outbreak.
Odds ratios of each pain symptom in model 2 according to the frequency of feelings of social isolation
compared to never felt feelings of social isolation were indicated. X-axis indicated odds ratio. Bars indicated 95%
con#dence intervals. Abbreviation: OR odds ratio.
Figure 4. Frequency of feelings of social isolation and pain symptoms developed during the COVID-19
pandemic. Odds ratios of each pain symptom in model 2 according to the frequency of feelings of social
isolation compared to never felt feelings of social isolation were indicated. X-axis indicated odds ratio. Bars
indicated 95% con#dence intervals. Abbreviation: OR odds ratio.
2 Question 2
The objective of a study is to examine the effect of three diet programs on men and women while
controlling for the pre-weight. Given the data set called diet.csv, answer the following questions:
1. Conduct the appropriate analysis.
2. Check the relevant assumptions.
3. If need be conduct and interpret the relevant post-hocs.
4. Write the linear model for the study.
5. Interpret the results within context.
6. Does the study have practical significance. Back up your conclusion by doing the relevant
calculations and interpretations.
7. Suppose that in addition to controlling for pre-weight, you also control for gender, age, and
height. Would the practical significance of the diet program improve? Yes or no and explain
why.
3
3 Question 3
Suppose that you were the TA for this class, how would you explain/summarize the following ROC
curve and table for your students? Elaborate what AUC, accuracy MSE, RMSE, MAE indicate.